Effect of glutamine ingestion on the progression of induced periodontitis: experimental study in rats / Efeito da ingestão de glutamina na progressão de periodontite induzida: estudo experimental em ratos

Introduction: With glutamine supplementation there is better performance in the body's defense system. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glutamine supplementation on ligand-induced periodontal disease in rats. Material and method: 48 selected male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 12): control group (CG) including healthy animals receiving daily saline solution via gavage; glutamine group (GG) including healthy animals receiving oral glutamine supplementation by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day; periodontitis group (PG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily saline solution via gavage; experimental group (EG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily glutamine via gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day. On the 30th day, all animals were euthanized by excess anesthetic. Result: In the various analyses, the EG (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) obtained a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the EG group (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2 ) presented a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p<0.05. The GG (118.09 ± 10.4 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p>0.05. Conclusion: Glutamine supplementation associated with induced periodontal disease demonstrated a smaller amount of bone loss compared to the periodontitis group.

Introdução: Com a suplementação de glutamina há um melhor desempenho no sistema de defesa do corpo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de glutamina na doença periodontal induzida por ligatura em ratos. Material e método: Foram selecionados 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar divididos em 4 grupos (N = 12): grupo controle (GC) incluindo animais saudaveis recebendo solução salina diariamente via gavagem; grupo glutamina (GG) incluindo animais saudaveis que receberam suplementação oral de glutamina por gavagem a uma dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia; grupo periodontite (GP) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila em ambos os lados recebendo solução salina diária via gavagem; grupo experimental (GE) incluindo animais com doença periodontal induzida na maxila nos dois lados recebendo glutamina diária via gavagem na dose de 1,5 g/kg/dia. No 30º dia, todos os animais foram eutanasiados por excesso de anestésico. Resultado: Nas várias análises, o GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) obteve um p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao grupo GE (116,63 ± 22,50 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GP (143,15 ± 35,24 mm2) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p<0,05. O GG (118,09 ± 10,4 mm2 ) comparado ao GC (82,32 ± 7,48 mm2) apresentou p>0,05. Conclusão: A suplementação de glutamina associada à doença periodontal induzida demonstrou uma menor perda óssea em comparação com o grupo periodontite.

Comportamento Geoespacial da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Município de Tangará da Serra ­ MT / Behavior Geoespatial of American Tegumentary Leishamaniasis in the City of Tangará da Serra ­ MT

A leishmaniose é uma doença infectoparasitária de importância epidemiológica mundial, configurando-se entre os seis agravos tropicais mais relevantes. Analisar o comportamento geoespacial da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Tangará da Serra entre os anos de 2007 a 2013, utilizando técnicas de georreferenciamento. Estudo ecológico, transversal, descritivo quantitativo. As informações epidemiológicas foram compiladas da base de dados oficial do Sistema Nacional de Agravos Notificáveis do município de Tangará da Serra/MT. Foram notificados 391 casos, com prevalência na faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos com 86 casos (21,99%). O sexo predominante foi o masculino com 352 casos (90,02%). A forma clinica mais comum foi a cutânea com 317 casos (81,07%), 369 (94,37%) foram notificados como casos novos, 21(5,37%) como recidivas, 383(97,95%) receberam alta por cura clínica, quatro abandonos (1,02%) foram registrados, três transferências (0,76%), um óbito por outras causas (0,25%). O exame mais utilizado no diagnóstico foi o parasitológico com 294 (75,19%). A área urbana predominou com 276 registros (70,58%). A análise espacial mostrou predomínio de casos em locais, cuja vegetação predominante era de pastagem e d e outros usos. Foram demonstradas ocorrências de casos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana em regiões de pastagens e outros usos, sugerindo modificação na epidemiologia da doença no município estudado. Propõe inclusão do local provável da infecção na ficha de notificação, ações conjuntas entre a vigilância ambiental e medicina veterinária no controle da doença, pesquisa de captura de vetores da leishmaniose e seguimento de dois anos do paciente após cura.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease of worldwide epidemiological importance, featuring as the six most important tropical diseases. Objective: To analyze the geospatial behavior of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the city of Tangara da Serra between the years 2007-2013, using georeferencing techniques. Ecological study, cross-sectional and quantitative descriptive. Epidemiological information was compiled from the official database of the National Notifiable Diseases of the city of Tangara da Serra/MT. 391 cases were reported, with prevalence in the age group 21-30 years, with 86 cases (21.99%); the predominant gender was the masculine with 352 cases (90.02%). The most common clinical form was cutaneous with 317 cases (81.07%), 369 (94.37%) were reported as new cases, 21 (5.37%) as recurrences, 383 (97.95%) were discharged due to clinical cure, 4 dropouts (1.02%) were recorded, 3 transfers (0.76%), 1 death from other causes (0.25%). The most commonly test used was the parasitological diagnosis with294 (75.19%). The urban area prevailed with 276 records (70.58%). Spatial analysis showed predominance of cases in places whose predominant vegetation was grazing and other uses. It was demonstred occurrence of cases of American tegumentaryleishmaniasis in areas of pastures and other uses, suggesting a change in the epidemiology of the disease in the city studied. It proposes inclusion of the probable site of infection in the notification form, joint operations between environmental surveillance and veterinary medicine in controlling the disease, leishmaniasis vectors capture research and follow-up of two years after the patient's healing

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible.

PURPOSE: To compare chronic physical stressed with normal tense animals regarding implant osseointegration in the rat mandible. METHODS: Thirty six Wistar rats were anesthesiaded and blunt instruments were used to expose and empty their alveolar inferior nerve. One implant (2.2 x 4mm) was installed into the mandibular canal. Following 72 hours, all rats were equally divided in: Control Group analyzed in 18 days (CG18); Control Group analyzed in 33 days (CG33); Stressed Group with stress during 18 days (SG18) and Stressed Group with stress during 33 days (SG33) - The animals from Stressed Groups (CG 18 and CG33) were placed individually in plastic pipes (PVC) during 12 hours daily to physical restraint. Histomorphometric analysis included bone-implant-contact (BIC) and bone area (BA). RESULTS: In relation to BIC--CG18 (49.8+20.3); SG18 (29.0+16.5)--and BA--CG18 (50.13+21.2); SG18 (23.8+7.8)--, there was a bone repair delayed in SG18 when compared with CG18 (p<0.05). After 33 days, BIC--CG33 (59.6+26.8); SG33 (49.52+17.3)--and BA--CG33 (41.90+17.4); SG33 (43.91+14.7)--showed no difference between groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic physical stress interfere with the initial stage of osseointegration in the rat mandible, but not the final process.

Efeito do Exercício Físico Sobre o Perfil Hematológico de Ratos Wistar com Infecção Oral Induzida / Evaluate the Effect of Physical Exercise on the Blood Profile of Wistar Rats with Induced Oral Infection

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do exercício físico sobre o perfil hematológico de ratos Wistar com infecção oral induzida. Para este estudo, foram utilizados 24 ratos machos adultos - Rattus novergicus da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (8 em cada grupo): grupo sedentário associado à infecção (GI), grupo exercício associado à infecção (GIE) e grupo controle (GC). A doença periodontal apical e marginal foi induzida nos grupos GI e GIE através da colocação de fio de seda em torno do segundo molar superior direito (para periodontite marginal), e através da perfuração do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo (para periodontite apical). Os animais dos grupos GIE foram submetidos à natação por 60 minutos diários, cinco vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Após este período de exercício, todos os animais foram submetidos à anestesia e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a análise hematológica. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que os únicos parâmetros que apresentaram diferenças estatísticas foram os níveis hematimétricos (hemácias, hemoglobina e hematrócito) e contagem de linfócitos. Melhores resultados foram observados para o grupo que passou por exercício físico com infecção oral induzida, quando comparado aos grupos sem exercício físico com infecção oral induzida e grupo controle (p<0,05). Considera-se que o exercício físico foi capaz de aumentar alguns parâmetros hematológicos diante de infecção oral induzida.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the blood profile of Wistar rats with oral induced infeccion. To perform this study, 24 adults male rats - Rattus norvegicus Wistar were used. The animals were divided into three experimental groups (8 in each group): sedentary group associated with infection (GI), exercise group associated with infection (GIE) and control group (CG). The apical and marginal periodontal disease was induced in GI and GIE groups through the silk thread placed around the second upper right molar (for marginal periodontitis), and through the drilling of the first lower left molar (for apical periodontitis). The GIE animal groups were submitted to swimming for 60 minutes daily, five times per week for eight weeks. After this period, all animals underwent anesthesia and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. The results demonstrated that the parameters with significant differences were RBC levels (erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit) and lymphocyte count. Better results were observed for the group that underwent physical exercise induced periodontitis, when compared to groups without exercise with induced periodontitis and control group (p <0.05). It is concluded that exercise was able to increase some hematological parameters before induced oral infection.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible

PURPOSE:To compare chronic physical stressed with normal tense animals regarding implant osseointegration in the rat mandible.METHODS:Thirty six Wistar rats were anesthesiaded and blunt instruments were used to expose and empty their alveolar inferior nerve. One implant (2.2 x 4mm) was installed into the mandibular canal. Following 72 hours, all rats were equally divided in: Control Group analyzed in 18 days (CG18); Control Group analyzed in 33 days (CG33); Stressed Group with stress during 18 days (SG18) and Stressed Group with stress during 33 days (SG33) - The animals from Stressed Groups (CG 18 and CG33) were placed individually in plastic pipes (PVC) during 12 hours daily to physical restraint. Histomorphometric analysis included bone-implant-contact (BIC) and bone area (BA).RESULTS: In relation to BIC - CG18 (49.8+20.3); SG18 (29.0+16.5) - and BA - CG18 (50.13+21.2); SG18 (23.8+7.8)-, there was a bone repair delayed in SG18 when compared with CG18 (p<0.05). After 33 days, BIC - CG33 (59.6+26.8); SG33 (49.52+17.3)- and BA - CG33 (41.90+17.4); SG33 (43.91+14.7)- showed no difference between groups (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Chronic physical stress interfere with the initial stage of osseointegration in the rat mandible, but not the final process.

Evaluation of different methods for removing oral biofilm in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to evaluate the different methods for removing oral biofilm in combination with 0.12% chlorhexidine, in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the General University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, the patients were included in the study and underwent periodontal evaluation by means of the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI). The removal of visible biofilm, by a professional, was carried out using a toothbrush and dental floss, followed by the application of a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution. The patients were included in this randomized and controlled study into four groups (total n = 48), as follows: Chlorhexidine and gauze 12/12 h; chlorhexidine and gauze 24/24 h; chlorhexidine and brushing 12/12 h; chlorhexidine and brushing 24/24 h. The patients underwent the biofilm removal protocol for 7 days and then were subjected to a new clinical evaluation as to VPI and GBI. Data analysis was performed through stratification and arrangement of the records, in order to carry out the associations with health indicators used in the study, and the statistical tests used were Kappa and t-test for independent and paired samples. RESULTS: A decrease in the VPI and GBI values when comparing baseline to the final evaluation for all groups was observed. CONCLUSION: Based on the methodology, it was possible to concluded that chlorhexidine associated with the mechanical action of the toothbrush or gauze in the times 12 h and 24 h in the ICU environment presented the same results as regards amount of visible biofilm. How to cite the article: Oliveira MS, Borges AH, Mattos FZ, Semenoff TA, Segundo AS, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Porto AN. Evaluation of different methods for removing oral biofilm in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):61-4.

Effect of chronic cortisone use in rats strain susceptible to ligature-induced periodontitis / Efeito do uso crônico da cortisona em ratas de linhagem susceptível à periodontite induzida por ligadura

Objective: The present study assessed the effect of prolonged betamethasone use in ligature-induced periodontitis in adult Fischer-344 rats. Methods: Thirty-six Fisher rats were randomly assigned to three groups: group B (betamethasone); group S (sham) and group C (control). The animals in group B were given intramuscular betamethasone daily, those in group S were given saline injections daily, and those in group C were not submitted to any intervention. The interventions lasted 60 days, and all groups were submitted to the same environmental conditions. Tendays after starting the injections, periodontal disease was induced in the animals from groups B and S by tying a sterile silk suture threadaround the upper right second molar. Fifty days later, all animals were sacrificed and the connective tissue attachment level (Jac-E) and boneloss (Jac-O) were measured. Results: Jac-E and Jac-O of groups B and S were not significantly different, but they differed significantly from those of group C. Conclusion: Prolonged use of betamethasone did not affect the progression of induced periodontitis in rats.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do uso prolongado da betametasona na periodontite induzida por ligadura, em ratas adultas da linhagem Fischer-344. Métodos: Selecionou-se trinta e seis ratas Fisher, as quais foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo B (betametasona); grupo S (soro) e grupo C (controle). Os animais do grupo B receberam injeções diárias intramuscular de betametasona, o grupo S recebeu injeções diárias de soro fisiológico e o grupo C foi mantido sem nenhuma intervenção. Estes procedimentos duraram 60 dias. Os três grupos foram mantidos nas mesmas condições ambientais. Decorridos dez dias a partir do início das injeções, os animais dos grupos B e S foram submetidos a indução da doença periodontal, através da colocação do fio de seda em volta do segundo molar superior direito. Ao final do período experimental (50 dias) os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia. O nível de inserção histológica (Jac-E) e perda óssea histológica (Jac-O) foram mensurados.Resultados: Entre os grupos B e S, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas para Jac-E e Jac-O. Entretanto, notaram-se diferenças significativas em ambos os parâmetros avaliados quando o grupo C foi comparado aos grupos B e S. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o uso prolongado de betametasona não modificou a progressão de periodontite induzida.

Ligature-induced periodontitis associated to alcohol using and stress on animal's behavior: study in rats

Introduction and Objective: To evaluate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis association with chronic use of alcohol and stress on the behavior of the animals. Material and methods: Forty female rats were distributed equally into the following groups: control (CG), alcohol+stress+ligature (ASLG), stress+ligature (SLG), alcohol+ligature (ALG), ligature (LG). In the first day, the animals of ALG and ASLG were exposed to the ingestion of water and 20% alcohol solution (v/v). The animals of ASLG and SLG underwent stress testing through physical restraint for 4 daily hours, during 60 days until their euthanasia. In the next day after the beginning of the research, the animals of ALG, ASLG, SLG and LG were submitted to ligature installation around the right maxillary second molar. The evaluation of the behavior of the animals was executed through open field variables (amount of central and peripheral segments flown, times in which the animal was kept on two paws without support, self-cleaning movement - itchy nose) and maze cross parameters (amount of entrances in the arms and time of permanence in these sites). Data were gathered, their means calculated and submitted to analysis of variance and Ducan, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results: The results did not demonstrate statistical differences for the parameters analyzed, except from the closed filed, in which ASLG and SLG exhibited the longest time of permanence. Conclusion: Considering the methodology used, it was possible to observe that the alcohol associated with chronic stress and ligature-induced periodontitis demonstrated few alterations on the behavior of the animals.

A saúde bucal de uma subpopulação de gestantes usuárias do sistema único de saúde: um estudo piloto / Oral health of a sample of pregnant women assisted by the unified health system: a pilot study

Objetivo: Avaliar a saúde bucal de uma subpopulação de gestantes usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Estado de Mato Grosso. Método: A população do estudo consistiu de 121 puérperas, com pré-natal de baixo risco, internadas pelo SUS em um hospital do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Os dados foram coletados através de análise de prontuário, do cartão de pré-natal, de questionário próprio e do exame clínico odontológico das voluntárias. Aos dados obtidos foi dado tratamento estatístico através da análise descritiva, sendo os resultados expressos através de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: A idade média das puérperas foi de 25,68 anos, 76,03% tinham Ensino Médio, 49,60% estavam em união estável e 38,80% eram primíparas. Apenas 4,13% dos cartões de pré-natal continham informações sobre saúde bucal. 24,70% receberam orientação sobre saúde bucal durante a gestação; 4,13% foram orientadas sobre possíveis mudanças na saúde bucal durante a gestação, 52,89% notaram modificações nas estruturas bucais, a mais evidente foi o sangramento gengival (37,19%). 28,09% relataram ter sentido dor de dente durante a gestação; 18,18% tiveram perda de restaurações e 19,83 relataram outras alterações bucais. 28,92% relataram ter alterado sua rotina de higiene bucal durante a gestação. Clinicamente, 72,70% apresentaram biofilme dentário visível após escovação, 69,42% apresentavam restaurações, 62,80% ausência dentária, 61,15% apresentaram lesões de cárie e 12,40% próteses dentárias...

Conclusão: A equipe responsável pelo acompanhamento pré-natal das gestantes não tem dedicado a atenção devida à saúde bucal das mesmas, visto o não preenchimento do local específico no cartão de pré-natal e a pouca orientação em relação à saúde bucal apesar de a maioria delas ter notado alguma alteração bucal durante a gestação e, clinicamente, ser constatada alta ocorrência de biofilme dentário visível e lesões de cárie. Isso reforça a necessidade de maior dedicação da equipe de pré-natal no cuidado com a saúde bucal das gestantes e da inserção de ações específicas voltadas para a manutenção da saúde bucal das gestantes no Brasil...

Objective: To evaluate the oral health of a sample of pregnant women assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Method: The study population consisted of 121 post-birth women with a low-risk prenatal, admitted in a public hospital in Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. The data were collected from the patientÆs hospital chart, prenatal examination card, specific questionnaire and dental clinical examination of the volunteers. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the results were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The mean age of the post-birth women was 25.68 years, 76.03% had high-school education, 49.60% had stable relationships and 38.80% of them bore their first child. Only 4.13% of the prenatal examinations cards had information on oral health. Only 24.70% were advised on oral health during the pregnancy, 4.13% were warned for eventual oral health alterations during the pregnancy. As much as 52.89% noticed changes in the oral structures/tissues, the most evident being gingival bleeding (37.19%). 28.09% reported toothache during pregnancy; 18.18% had loss of prostheses and 19.83% reported other oral alterations. As much as 28.92% affirmed having changed their oral hygiene routine during pregnancy. In the clinical examination, 72.70% presented visible dental biofilm after toothbrushing, 69.42% had caries lesion, 69.42% had restorations, 62.40% had missing teeth, 61.15% presented caries lesions and 12.40% wore prostheses...

Conclusion: The health team in charge of the pregnant womenÆs prenatal follow up did not show the expected care on their oral health. This was clear by the lack of properly filling out the prenatal cards with dental information and the little advise on oral health, although most patients observed some oral alterations during pregnancy and presented dental biofilm and caries lesions. These findings reinforce the need for a greater attention by the prenatal health team on the pregnant womenÆs oral health care and inclusion of specific actions for the maintenance of the oral health of Brazilian pregnant women...

Hospital Dentistry: a proposal of new discipline

Introduction :The implementation of educational and preventive oral health procedures in a hospital is fundamental for undergraduates, both for the opportunity of interaction with other health professionals and for the individual and collective growth. This promotes the student's human and professional formation because it enables the patient's oral health care within a complete treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the educational practices (teaching, research, extension and service) in the Hospital Dentistry Course of the School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá. This first experience led to curriculum change and the creation of a new discipline: Hospital Dentistry. Development:The procedures of tertiary oral health experienced by Dentistry teachers and undergraduates provided the material of this study. The methodological procedures of this new discipline insertion comprised technical-administrative and academic actions aiming to establish a new curriculum in Dentistry Course. For this purpose, actions of exchange and dialogue between the School of Dentistry and the University Hospital managers were executed. The strategy resulted in the insertion of Dentistry undergraduates within this new area of educational practice, involving qualified individuals to organize the discipline. Also, the recognition of other health area professionals was achieved, who realized the importance of dental knowledge in tertiary treatment as a necessary component to avoid complications to the patients, once dental problems affect the patient's quality of life and imminent risk of death.

Efeito da periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratas submetidas a estresse crônico sobre o sistema nervoso central (SNC) / Effect of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats submitted to chronic stress on the central nervours system (SNC)

O presente estudo hipotetizou que a indução de periodontite por ligadura em ratas estressadas afetaria a resposta do SNC. Os métodos de campo aberto e labirinto em cruz elevado foram selecionados para mensurar o efeito da periodontite associada ao estresse crônico sobre o SNC. Selecionaram-se 48 ratas Wistar adultas as quais foram divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=12/grupo): grupo GLEF– ligadura e estresse físico, grupo GLEV- ligadura e estresse crônico variável, GL- ligadura e grupo CN controle negativo. Iniciou-se o ensaio de estresse físico e estresse variável e após 10 dias a periodontite foi induzida por ligadura nos grupos específicos. E, após 50 dias da colocação da ligadura, um examinador cegado submeteu os animais ao teste de labirinto em cruz elevado e campo aberto. A análise pelos testes ANOVA e Bonferroni (p<0,05), não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos considerando-se o teste neurológico campo aberto (p<0,05), demonstrando ausência de alterações do SNC. Entre os grupos GC e GL houve diferença significativa apenas para uma variável considerando-se o ensaio labirinto em cruz elevado, indicando uma leve alteração neurológica pelo grupo exposto apenas a periodontite induzida. Embora quando associados os fatores estresse/periodontite não tenham afetado o SNC, isoladamente a indução de periodontite por ligadura teve efeito sobre o mesmo.

The present study hypothesized that ligature induced periodontitis in stressed rats could affect the central nervoussystem (CNS). Actividad motora and central nervours system tools were selected to measure the induced periodontits associated with stress effect on SNC. It was selected 48 Wistar adult rats which were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=12/group): GLEF group – ligature + physical stress, GLEV group – ligature + chronic variable stress, GL group – ligature and CN group - negative control. The physical and variable stress assays take place and after 10 days ligature periodontitis was induced in the specific groups. A blinded examiner submitted the animals to actividad motora and central nervours system tests 50 days after ligature placement. The analysis by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p<0,05) did not reveal significant differences among groups considering the neurologic test actividad motora, demonstrating lack of CNS changes. Between GC and GL groups it was a significant difference for one variable considering the central nervours system assay, indicating a minor neural change by the isolated induced periodontitis group. Although, when associated the factors stress/periodontitis did not affect the CNS, isolate the development of periodontitis by ligature placement had impact on it.

Efetividade do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% e do digluconato de clorexidina a 2% adquiridos em diferentes dentais e farmácias, na cidade de Cuiabá, sobre Candida albicans / Effectivity of the chiorhexidine gluconate 0,12% and chiorhexidine diguconate 2% acquired in different hospital shops and drugstores in Cuiaba city, on Candida albicans

Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana do digluconato de clorexidina (CI) a 2% e do gluconato de clorexidina a O,12%, adquiridos em diferentes dentais e farmácias na cidade de Cuiabá(MT),sobre Candida albicans. Utilizaram-se 72 placas Petri, contendo meio de cultura ágar-Saboraud. Separaram-se a princípio seis placas e seis discos de papel embebidos em solução fisiológica a 0,9% (SF),depositados no centro das placas respectivas(controle negativo). Em 66 outras placas, semearam-se e os microrganismos, colocando, no centro de seis placas, um disco de papel também embebido em solução fisiológica(controle positivo). Seguiu-se a colocação dos seis discos de papel nas 60 placas restantes, previamente impregnados comas substâncias testes (CL)e controle (SF),sendo depositado um em cada sextante. Os grupos foram analisados em três tempos experimentais de 8. 16 e 24 dias. Para a verificação dos resultados, usaram-se os halos de inibição de crescimento fúngico, medidos com paquímetro digital. com o auxílio de lupa estereoscópica. Percebeu-se aos 8, 16 e 24 dias uma ausência de diferença estatística entre o digluconato de dorexidina a 2% e o gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%. Concluindo, o gluconato de clorexidinaa O,12% e o digluconato de clorexidinaa 2% adquiridos em diferentes dentais e farmácias de Cuiabá-MT exerceram ação antimicrobiana sobre Candida albicans.

The role of psychoneuroimmune interactions in the pathogenesis of ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.

The aim of the present study was to determine the role of chronic stress in the pathogenesis of ligature-induced periodontal disease in rats. Fifty-three Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: 1--ligature; 2--ligature + stress; 3--stress only; 4--control. After 30 days the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were collected and histological sections were made for histometric analysis. The stress parameters evaluated were weight of thymus, spleen, adrenal glands and plasma glucocorticoid levels. Analysis of adrenal glands showed statistically significant differences between stressed and non-stressed groups (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Plasma glucocorticoid levels were higher in Group 3 and lower in Group 2 (81.1 nmol/I versus 62.5 nmol/l, p < 0.05). Histometric measurements from the bone crest and from the first attached fiber were taken for all groups and for Groups 1 and 2 for the sites with and without ligatures. The ligature sites always displayed higher mean values than non-ligated sites (paired sample t test, p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between Groups 1 and 2 with regard to the ligated sites. However, differences were observed between Groups 1 and 2 in histometric bone levels in the non-ligated sites (mean values of 0.81 and 0.55 mm, respectively, p < 0.05). It may be concluded that stress can have a possible role in the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with different levels of glucocorticoid release.

Lesões de bifurcação em molares inferiores induzidas endodonticamente / Bifurcation lesions in inferior molars endodontically induced

A perda de inserção periodontal é observada com freqüência na clínica odontológica. A imensa maioria dessas perdas tem origem no sulco gengival induzida pela placa bacteriana, pela cárie, com conseqüente colapso da polpa dental, ou por ambos. O objetivo do clínico é restabelecer as condições periodontais existentes antes da instalação do processo mórbido que determinou a degradação periodontal localizada. Para tanto, um diagnóstico preciso dessas lesões é fundamental para se estabelecer o prognóstico e o tratamento a ser realizado. O presente artigo demonstra, através de casos clínicos, algumas situações freqüentes onde lesões em molares inferiores com substancial destruição periodontal na região de bifurcação, oriundas exclusivamente da contaminação pulpar, tratadas endodonticamente por métodos convencionais com a utilização de trocas de curativo de hidróxido de cálcio, tiveram a total regeneração do periodonto.